Earthwork representation guidelines cflhd document providing a guide to the standard procedure for calculating and representing earthwork volumes in the plans. A surface mine s safety and health management system must provide a specification for the design and construction of mine roads to enable the safe movement of vehicles about the mine. Haul roads deteriorate with time due to the interactive effect of traffic load and specific subgrade insitu material strengths and structural thicknesses. The pavement design engineer must integrate this information into the materials design package materials design report, pavement design summary and preliminary pavement structure cost estimate that will provide the necessary documentation and communication of this design process. The oldest is the report by kaufman and ault 1977 entitled design of surface mining haulage. Pit haul roads are roads that are used by haul trucks and other mine traffic in and around pit areas including, in pit haul roads and ramps, bench roads, dump roads and ramps, etc. Design of surface mine haulage roads a manual by walter w. To help increase the strength and stiffness of road foundations, many state departments of transportation mix cement or other materials into the soil foundation beneath upper pavement layers. Introduction to flexible pavement design ced engineering. Preface the idea of developing a haul road manual or collection of. Mine haulage roads a manual, by walter kaufman and. Pavements and surface materials page 2 slabs and paver stone embedded in reinforced concrete are examples of rigid pavement.
Engineers are cautioned that much of pavement design is governed by codes, specifications and practices of public agencies. Road structures can fail prematurely due to the lateral displacement and weakening of base course aggregate. It is not intended as definitive treatise, and it does not encompass the design of rigid pavements. In addition, a network of regional sales managers and technical support staff are available to provide local assistance and onsite support. This paper compares various actual waterproof gravel and low volume surfaced road pavement design cases constructed, based on the standard south african trh 41 pavement design manual. Pdf a new method for haul road design in openpit mines.
Salo road design considerations existing 10 lanes and 3 aggregate shoulders. Better haul road design reduces capital and maintenance costs. While the standards contained in this manual provide a basis for uniform design practice for typical pavement design situations, precise rules which would apply to all possible situations are impossible to give. This paper briefly summarizes the evolution of mine haul road design, from the seminal usbm work of kaufman and ault in 1977, through to current geometric, structural, functional and maintenance management design components. This study proposes a new method for haul road design in open. Pavementpavement design hd1001 0106 page 6 of 7 shoulders. The mechanical properties of local asphaltic road base materials. The haul truck turning radius, braking capacity and sheer size must be considered in the design of any permanent haul road. Figure 1three components of a total haul road design strategy sme annual meeting march, 1999, denver, colorado preprint 9990 designing and managing unpaved opencast mine haul roads for optimum performance r. Show the shoulder pavement thickness in the pavement design document. Center line alignment influences haul cost, construction cost, and environmental cost e. The cbr method of haul road design was based on empirical results relating to the design of asphaltsurfaced airfield pavements for wheelgear loads up to 4 400kn. Well designed and maintained haul roads are the key to minimizing truck haulage on road hazards and costs, as well as increasing productivity. Optimizing haul road design transportation association of canada.
Markers erected to define the edge of the running surface of a. Figure 1 three components of a total haul road design strategy. Lev khazanovich, principal investigator department of civil, environmental, and geo engineering. This is an introduction to flexible pavement design for engineers. Tensar design resources for haul roads tensar triax tx5 tensar triax tx7 woven geotextile. Mine consultants, contractors, truck fleet operators and personnel involved with design, construction and daytoday operations and maintenance of mine roads will benefit from the course. Pavement design is primarily a matter of sound application of acceptable engineering criteria and standards. Road parameters are limited by the largest and usally least agile vehicle on site.
Pdf guidelines for mine haul road design researchgate. Haul trucks are usually the heaviest, slowest and largest vehicle to traverse the roads on site. Mine haul road design and management best practices for safe and costefficient truck haulage roger thompson, curtin university of technology, wasm, kalgoorlie wa, australia abstract well designed and maintained haul roads are the key to minimizing truck haulage onroad hazards and costs, as well as increasing productivity. Post construction background testing and laboratory. This trh provides guidelines for the structural design, construction and maintenance of unpaved roads. A mechanistic structural design procedure for surface mine. Hence, the design of flexible pavement uses the concept of layered system. The mine haul road design guide is for haul roads trafficked by heavy mine. Recognised standard 19 design and construction of mine. Two closely related documents form a basis for this manual. The wheel load acting on the pavement will be distributed to a wider area, and the stress decreases with the depth. Optimizing haul road design a challenge for resource development in northern canada robert a douglas, bascce, phd, peng abstract mine operation haul roads and ultraheavy dump trucks should be considered as two components of a single transportation system, with interactions between them. One of the major tasks in roadwa y construction is removing and placing earth materials to achieve the desired earth grade cross section. Geotechnical investigations and design considerations 8.
This paper outlines the south african design method. Pdf guidelines for mine haul road design semantic scholar. The haul road design and subsequent road management and maintenance forms a principal component of a transport operation in surface mines. Example of haul road design for an openpit mine using autocad. Specification for design and construction of mine roads. Designing and constructing roads with geogrid john cima, p. The need to develop a practical structural design method for mine haul roads was identified. Rdgn042 pavement design for carriageway construction page 5 of 42 in 1991, a consultancy study, called road testing programme, was commissioned by hyd to develop a pavement design system using the mechanisticempirical approach among other tasks. The mine haul road design guide aims to steer you toward best practice in design of haul roads trafficked by heavy mine vehicles and dump trucks etc. During the reconnaissance phase and preconstruction survey the preliminary center line has been established on the ground. The flexible pavement, having less flexural strength, acts like a flexible sheet e. The haul road challenge weak subgrades pose the greatest challenge to the performance of an unpaved access or haul road. Taking a typical example of a 180t capacity rear dump. The aim of the paper is to develop a mechanistic structural design procedure for mine haul roads.
Mine haul road design and management best practices for safe and costefficient truck haulage roger thompson, curtin university of technology, wasm, kalgoorlie wa, australia abstract well designed and maintained haul roads are the key to minimizing truck haulage on road hazards and costs, as well as increasing productivity. South african road pavement design standards in south africa we use the trh 4 1 structural design of flexible pavements for interurban and rural roads as a road pavement design standard. In actual fact, for this example, the design life can be increased by 50% with the installation of. It identifies design and construction techniques which will result in roads of a higher standard without the need for additional funds, makes recommendations for. Truck operators map, mdot, issued annually available from the utility coordination and permits section of the development services division b. The south african design method represents the state of the art in haul road pavement design. Mine haul road maintenance management systems internal friction and most importantly, wheel load and road conditions. Strengthening road foundations with cement stabilization what was the need. The cbr method boyd and foster, 1950 has been widely applied to the design of mine haul roads. Well designed and maintained haul roads are the key to minimizing truck haulage onroad hazards and costs, as well as increasing productivity. On the contrary, in rigid pavements, wheel loads are transferred to subgrade soil by flexural strength of the pavement and the pavement acts like a rigid plate e. Esal is a concept developed from data collected at the american association of state highway officials aasho road test to establish a damage relationship for comparing the effects of axles carrying different loads.
In an endeavour to overcome some of these problems, road engineers in the. The top layers of pavement which is in direct contact with the wheel of the vehicle. Haul road structural design concerns the ability of the road to carry the imposed loads without the need for excessive maintenance or rehabilitation. Pdf a new method for haul road design in openpit mines to. A new method for haul road design in openpit mines to. Pdf the design of a haul road for an openpit mine can significantly affect the cost associated with hauling ore and waste to the surface.
All content in this area was uploaded by dwayne tannant on jun 19, 2015. Centre bunds were present and in compliance with design and construction of haul road. Grading summary spreadsheet cflhd spreadsheet used to generate the grading summary, mass haul diagram, and miscellaneous summaries. The design of a haul road for an openpit mine can significantly affect the cost associated with hauling ore and waste to the surface.
One of the major tasks in roadwa y construction is removing and placing earth materials to. Esal is the acronym for equivalent single axle load. Empirical estimations of rolling resistance based on tyre penetration specify 0. Recognised standard 19 design and construction of mine roads. Left untreated, a weak subgrade subjected to continuous heavy traffic will quickly deform, causing the road surface to rut, pothole. Consists of combination of mineral aggregate with bituminous binder ranging from inexpensive surface treatment. From yards to haul roads to major roadways, nilexs geogrids provide a proven solution to base reinforcement and pavement optimization. Mar 18, 2020 design, construction, operation and road management roger. The south african design method represents the state of the art in haul truck pavement design.
In addition, haul road design issues were also gathered from various. The asphalt institute in college park, maryland has issued a asphalt thickness and design, manual that suggests that asphalt. Industrial pavements such as intermodal container terminal pavement design. Ratio cbr cover thickness design technique for mine haul roads. Welcome to our site for resources on mine haul road design you will find an extensive array of articles, papers, reports and software. Haul roads nilex geotextile materials, erosion control. Another factor affecting the design of haul roads is the type of tire used on haul trucks. Strengthening road foundations with cement stabilization. Pavement design, concrete pavements, paving, concrete strength requirement, early age concrete, road opening timing. The cost effective design of mining haul roads is critical to the. Tensar is more than just geogrid, let us show you how. Taking advantage of this stress distribution characteristic, flexible pavements normally has many layers.
Usually constructed of material in which bitumen is used as binder materials. The current state of mine haul road structural design was assessed through the analysis and quantification of existing pavement structural performance. Designing and managing unpaved continue reading haul roads. Haul road structural design haul road design resources. Most mine operators will agree that a strong relationship exists between well constructed and maintained roads and safe, efficient mining operations. Road pavement design guide home kent county council. Haul road engineering part 3 in part 3 of this series, we will focus on the fundamentals of pavement design and also introduce a number of specific strategies and technologies that grt has developed as tools for mines to more easily achieve these required outcomes. Engineers must always determine the requirements of the. Ault abstract this bureau of mines manual for design of surface mine haulage roads covers such aspects of haulage road design as road alignment both vertical and horizontal, construction materials, cross slope, and drainage provisions. Innovative initiatives in road design and construction, in. Typical road structure cross section sub grade, base. Road structure cross section is composed of the following components. Optimizing haul road design a challenge for resource.
Road pavement design guide 2 use of the design guide and pavement options this document is intended to cover the design of new schemes of any size and reconstruction or. Typical road structure cross section sub grade, base course. Geogridin a pavement system primary function is reinforcement through a. The part of a road intended for vehicles, in contrast to the pavement or verge. Stiffening granular haul road pavements will reduce rolling. Road design manual focuses primarily on pavement design, with additional. Chapter 3 section 303 earthwork design 4 august, 2011 introduction general.
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